Youtube or online video:
| Format |
If the real name of the author is known: Author, A. A. [screen name if applicable]. (Date). Title [Video]. Platform*. URL If the real name of the author is not known: Screen name. (Date). Title [Video]. URL *omit the platform if it is the same name as the author of the video |
| Examples |
ABC News. (2018, January 4). African-Australian community calls for bipartisanship, not sensationalism [Video]. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-01-04/african-australian-community-calls-for-bipartisanship/9304580 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2017, October 18). Australia's welfare 2017 video news release [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/CzBJQmX-sb0 TEDx Talks. (2015, August 21). Housing affordability: Win the argument | Eliza Owen | TEDxYouth@Sydney [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/GzzHawjP648 The Weekly. (2017, May 10). The Weekly: Housing affordability [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/JFIfqn7WxqE Yorkey, B., Son, D., McCarthy, T., Wettels, J. G., Golin, S., Sugar, M., ... Laiblin, K. (Executive Producers). (2017). 13 reasons why [Video]. Netflix. https://www.netflix.com/title/80117470 |
Please note: According to APA style, the "author" of Youtube videos is always the person or organisation who posted the video, even if they do not own the material or had anything to do with the content. For your assignments, it is preferable to find the official version of the video if possible.
Podcast or audio recording:
| Format |
Contributor, A. A. (Contribution). (Date). Title: Subtitle [Audio podcast]. Publisher (if available). URL For podcasts in which each episode has different creators (or a special episode has its own creators), use the following pattern: Contributor, A. A. (Contribution). (Year, Month Day). Title: Subtitle [Audio podcast episode]. In Title of Podcast: Subtitle. Publisher (if available). URL |
| Examples |
Crabb, A. (Host), & Sales, L. (Host). (2019, December 12). Chat 10 looks 3: Ep 125; The miserable old bag costume [Audio podcast]. https://www.chat10looks3.com/podcast/ep125 Fennell, M. (Host). (2017, August 4). Download this show: Would you pay for this podcast? [Audio podcast]. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/downloadthisshow/vpn/8771498 Laura (Creator). (2011, October 24). Reported speech and Konjunktiv I [Audio podcast]. In German Grammarpod. https://germangrammarpod.blogspot.com.au/ |
Visual social media post
| Format |
Author, A. [Screen name]. (Date). Caption – italicised [Audiovisual description]. Social media site. http://www.xxxxx NOTES:
|
|
| Examples |
James Cook University Library [@jcu_libraryinthetropics]. (2019, May 22). Put children together with alpacas and maracas and you’ve got FUN! [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/BxvyuWPJW37/ Penderlith, B. [@ferretmum]. (2022, January 10). Definitely nothing in that brain #fyp #ferret #ferrets #ferretsoftiktok #fypシ [Video file]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@ferretmum/video/7051311785785183493 |
|
Instagram comment
| Format |
Author, A. (Date). Title – italicised [Comment “article or post title”]. Social media site. Retrieved date, from http://www. |
|
| Examples |
Hoopsby4. (2019, May 22). Awesome! [Comment on post “Put children together with alpacas and maracas and you’ve got FUN!]. Instagram. Retrieved January 3, 2020, from https://www.instagram.com/p/BxvyuWPJW37 |
|
Use this format for only recorded, retrievable webinars, if the webinar is unrecorded cite as Personal communication.
| Format |
Author, A. (Date). Title –italicised [Webinar]. Publisher. http://www.xxxxx |
|
| Examples |
Russo, K. (Facilitator). (2020, May 28). The digital divide and COVID-19 [Webinar]. James Cook University. https://www.jcu.edu.au/webinars |
|
For in-text citations of videos, you would follow the standard format of author-date. If your author is a "screen name", then you will need to use that screen name:
Ferretmum365 (2024) illustrates some of the methods used for training ferrets to walk on a leash.
Ferrets, like other highly intelligent animals, can be trained to walk on a leash (ferretmum365, 2024).
Note: the author's name was ferretmum365 with no capital letter. At the start of a sentence, you would use a capital to fit in with standard sentence rules, but otherwise you would not change the name to have a capital F. In your reference list, you would not capitalise the F.
Important information about authors
Your author is always whoever posted the video. So if you used a video ferretmum365 posted of the Dalai Lama giving a speech, the author you need to cite is ferretmum365, not the Dalai Lama.
In this case, it's best to draw attention to the actual person responsible for the content in the sentence, and cite the "author" of the video in parenthesis:
The Dalai Lama noted that the teachings of the Buddha should begin with the Two Truths and go on to the Four Noble Truths (ferretmum365, 2024).
Time stamps instead of page numbers
If you need to give a pinpoint reference (for example, for a direct quote, or to help the reader find the relevant section of a long video), give a timestamp:
(ferretmum365, 2024, 4:25)
With timestamps of under an hour, give minutes:seconds even if there are no minutes, and give a two-digit stamp for seconds at all times:
(ferretmum365, 2024, 0:25)
(ferretmum365, 2024, 4:05)
For timestamps of over an hour, include hour:minute:second, and give a two-digit stamp for both minutes and seconds:
(ferretmum365, 2024, 2:04:25)
We acknowledge the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the first inhabitants of the nation and acknowledge Traditional Owners of the lands where our staff and students, live, learn and work.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) 4.0 International License, unless otherwise noted. Content from this Guide should be attributed to James Cook University Library. This does not apply to images, third party material (seek permission from the original owner) or any logos or insignia belonging to JCU or other bodies, which remain All Rights Reserved.
