Groups are subset of references that already exist in the library.

• Groups work like tags. You can have the same reference in multiple groups.
• Group sets are like categories to organise groups.
• Deleting a reference from a group does not delete it from the library.
• Deleting a reference from a library also deletes it from all groups. The reference no longer exists.
• Smart Groups are built with search strategies and update when new references are added to the library.
• Create a maximum of 5,000 Custom and Smart Groups (combined) and up to 5,000 Group Sets.

Full Screen

2 minutes 10 seconds

This interactive tutorial uses EndNote 20, but is still applicable to EndNote 21.

A longer, more advanced tutorial on groups in EndNote 21 can be found here:

Duplicates can cause problems in documents such as references appear twice in your reference list.

To search for and delete duplicates:

1. Go to the Library menu and select Find Duplicates
2. A list of duplicate records will be generated. 
3. Duplicate records will be displayed side by side for you to compare and select which record to keep.
4. You can edit records in the Duplicates window to add information from one record to another if desirable.
5. Select records to keep by clicking Keep this Record above the preferred record.

Use the Change/Move/Copy tool to add, delete or change the information in a field across multiple records at once.

This can be useful to add information to a group of references you have just imported with details such as the Name of Database, Access Date or search strategy.

It can also be a quick way to change the case in all the titles in your references - for example changing all titles to Sentence case (as required by APA, Harvard and AMA referencing). *Remember that you will need to change any proper nouns such as place names back to Title case.

To access this tool:

1. Go to the group of records in which you want to add the information - e.g. Imported References
2. Go to Library > Change/Move/Copy Fields